Objective To describe the statue of anemia among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province,providing a preference for carrying out the comprehensive prevention of control of infants anemia in poor rural areas. Methods Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling (PPS) and systematic sampling were adopted,status of family was surveyed with a questionnaire,and hemoglobin,body weight and height were measured among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province. Results A total of 14082 infants and young children aged 6~24 months were investigated.The prevalence of anemia of the infants was 32.7%.The prevalence of anemia were 39.6%,31.4%,36.4% and 30.8%,respectively from 2012 to 2015.The prevalence of anemia of the boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.05),the prevalence of anemia of infants in 6~ month-old,12~ month-old and 18~24 month-old were 42.7%,33.6% and 24.5%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia decreased with the increasing age.The prevalence of anemia of the underweight infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the low body mass index (BMI) infants was higher than that of normal(P<0.05).The prevalence of nutritional status anemia of the wasting infants was higher than that of normal and the prevalence of anemia of the stunting infants was higher than that of normal,but there was no significant statistical difference(P>0.05).The prevalence of anemia of the infants whose father with higher education was lower than the infants whose father with lower education(P>0.05).Compared with the infants whose mother with higher education,the prevalence of anemia of the infants whose mother with lower education was higher(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in poor rural areas of Hunan Province is high.It is essential to take comprehensive interventions to improve infants malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in rural areas.