Objective To explore visual music therapy to mental retardation children's rehabilitation effect. Methods A total of 100 children with mental retardation in children's rehabilitation treatment from June 2013 to June 2015,3 to 6 years old,were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine rehabilitation therapy,and the observation group was treated with visual music based on the control group.They were evaluated by Gesell Development Scale and Infants- Junior Middle School Students' Social Life Ability Scale before treatment and after 6 months,to observate improvement of children's intelligence level and of social life ability. Results After treatment,the Gesell Development Scale of adaptability,large movement,fine motor,language and personal social 5 areas development quotient (DQ) and development age (DA) in observation group were better than that of before treatment and the control group,the differences were all statistically significant (all P <0.05).After treatment Infants Junior Middle School Students' Social Life Ability Scale scores and standard scores of two groups were better than that of before; after treatment,the observation group total score and standard score improvement degree of the two groups were higher than that of the control group,the differences were all statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion Visual music therapy can significantly improve the mental retardation and social life ability of children with mental development,it is worth in clinical application.