Objective To measure the levels of serum proteins and hemoglobin in children with pneumonia,and to analyze the nutritional status in children. Methods A total of 153 children with pneumonia were divided into three groups matched by age:0~1 years old group;1~<3 years old group;3~12 years old group.The level of serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),retinol binding protein(RBP),hemoglobin (HB) were measured. Results The total prevalence of hypoproteinemia in children with pneumonia was 25%.The prevalences of hypoproteinemia in 0~1 years old group,1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group were 41%,15%,7% respectively.The prevalence of hypoproteinemia was significantly higher in 0~1 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypoproteinemia between 1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group.The total prevalence of anemia in children with pneumonia was 63%.The prevalence of anemia in 0~1 years old group,1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group were 72%,78%,28% respectively.The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in 0~1 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group(P<0.05).The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in 1~<3 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of hypoproteinemia and anemia in infants with pneumonia was higher than that in aged 3~12 years old children.Therefore,the nutritional status of children especially infants with pneumonia should be closely monitored,and proper nutritional support should be provided when necessary to improve the prognosis.