Objective To investigate the prevalence rates and its risk factors of the school age children with iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang country,and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of IDA. Methods In October 2015,396 children aged from 6 to 12 were selected through two representative schools in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang County.Physical examination,blood routine examination and ironmetabolism were conducted.Meanwhile,the questionnaire was issued to analyze the risk factors of IDA. Results Totally 396 cases showed that iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency prevalence rates were 12.6%,8.6%,21.2% respectively.The prevalence rates of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency in Dongxiang county were higher than those in Lanzhou city,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Prevalence rates of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency of Dongxiang nationality children were higher than those of Han nationality children,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in prevalence of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency between male and female (P>0.05).Children in different ages had different prevalence about IDA which had statistical significance (P<0.05),children age was negative related to the prevalence rates,but iron depletion rates of the three groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Among the 13 related factors,there were 3 factors which affected the prevalence of IDA,and 6 were the protective factors. Conclusions School-age children's iron prevalence rates in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang County are lower than before.The iron deficiency is still an important problem.