Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia in the local area. Method sA total of 1 246 cases were selected in each county of the city from January to June 2015.The peripheral blood was collected to detect the anemia,and the relevant information was collected to analyze the clinical symptoms. Results Totally 124 cases of in 1 246 children had nutritional iron deficiency anemia,the incidence rate of 9.95%.The incidence of urban children rate was 6.79%,the rate in country was 13.55%,country children's prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of the urban children;The anemia rate between the male and female children in city were with age into a downward trend year by year,the average male anemia rate of 4.75%,far lower than that of the female 8.90%;The average male in country anemia rate was 8.57%,far lower than that of the female 19.40%,the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).The highest incidence of anemia was the physical weakness,the lowest incidence was gingival swelling. Conclusions Nutritional iron deficiency anemia in young children occur rate is high,the incidence of male patients is lower than that of female.The main clinical manifestations are susceptible to colds.