Objective To understand the nutrition and health status of children in urban areas,and to master the incidence,causes and influencing factors of common nutritional diseases in children. Methods Using cluster sampling method,an epidemiological survey was conducted on 6 477 children under 5 years old in 8 streets of Shenyang City,which were randomly selected from 2 urban districts of city. Results The weight and height average were higher than the WHO (2006) standard in different months and different sexes,and boy's weight and height were higher than those of girls,there were significant difference (all P<0.01) for children under 5 years of age,the prevalences of low weight,growth retardation,weight loss,overweight,obesity were 0.12%,0.35%,0.75%,22.59%,8.17%,respectively;The incidence of anemia in children under 6~8 months and 5 years old were 12.35% and 8.12% respectively;Respiratory infection and diarrhea in children under 5 years of age were 8.65% and 14.40%,respectively. Conclusions The management of children under 5 years of age should be strengthened,physical and nutritional development of children are carried out,The scientific feeding of children's parents is guided in the area in order to increase the rate of breast feeding and reduce the occurrence of children's nutritional deficiency anemia in children under the age of 5,especially for 6 months,and improve the nutritional health of children under the age of 5.