Objective To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor areas of Hubei Province,and to provide basis for improving anemia status of them. Methods Multi-staged PPS sampling was adopted in this study.Caregivers of the infants and young children were surveyed with a questionnaire and the children's hemoglobin was also measured.Chi-square was used to analyze ratios and Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors. Results A total of 2 675 infants and young children aged 6~24 months were investigated and 571 of them were diagnosed with anemia.The prevalence of anemia was 21.3%.The prevalence in boys and girls were 22.9% and 19.5%,respectively,and there was significant difference between gender (P<0.05).The prevalence in infants aged 6~11 months,young children aged 12~17 months and 18~24 months were 30.9%,20.5%,11.7%,respectively,there was also significant difference between them (P<0.05).Infant aged 6~11 months who was boy,low-birth weight,the caregiver's knowledge rate about anemia was lower than 60%,the family had more than two children who were under 5 years old might have higher prevalence of anemia (P<0.05).Young children aged 12~17 months whose caregiver's knowledge rate about anemia was lower than 60%,the family had more than two children who were under 5 years old might have higher prevalence of anemia (P<0.05). Conclusions Anemia is still an outstanding issue in infants and young children aged 6~24 months in poor areas of Hubei Province.Different health education programs and intervention policies should be adopted according to different age period for their better health development.