Objective To study on behavioral problems and family effect factors of poor children in the rural area,Shaanxi plain,and in order to provide reference foundation for the healthy growth of children. Methods By random sampling,1 000 poor students of grade 4~6 in the rural area Shaanxi plain were collected by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.Among them,836 subjects were investigated by Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ). Results 1) There were differences in scores of conduct problem,study problem,impulse-activities and anxiety in different grades (P<0.05).Among them,differences existed in scores of conduct problem and anxiety between grade 4 and grade 5,in scores of study problem and impulse-activities between grade 4 and grade 6,in scores of conduct problem,study problem,impulse-activities and anxiety between grade 4 and grade 6(all P<0.05).2) The scores of psychophysical problem and anxiety in boys were higher than those of girls (P<0.01).3) There were differences in scores of study problem and impulse-activities in different economic levels (all P<0.05).Of them,the score of study problem in poor family was higher than that better and common family,also higher in impulse-activitie than good family.4) Differences existed in scores of anxiety in different culture levels (F=3.321,P<0.05),and the score of mother with primary school education was higher than that of mother with university education. Conclusions Behavioral problems exist in children in the rural poor area,Shaanxi plain,and family factors can not be ignored .So much attention should be paid to school-age children` parents.