Objective To explore risk factors associate with hypoxic-schemic encephalopathy (HIE) and preventive strategies among neonates of elderly parturient women. Methods From January 2010 to June 2016,a total of 128 case of elderly parturient women were selected.A total of 66 neonates who were diagnosed as HIE were placed into HIE group,while a total of 62 neonates without HIE were divided into control group.Risk factors associated with HIE were collected and analyzed by one way analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results 1) One way analysis showed that the prevalence of gestational anemia (χ²=13.84),gestational diabetes mellitus (χ²=21.27),hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (χ²=3.98),placental abruption (χ²=4.43),cord entanglement (χ²=3.70),intrauterine infection (χ²=9.16) and amniotic fluid contamination (χ²=8.27) in HIE group were significantly greater than those in control group(P<0.05 or <0.01).2) Logistic regression analysis showed gestational anemia (OR=8.24),gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=11.14),hypertensive disorder complicating pregnanc (OR=6.78),placental abruption (OR=6.94),cord entanglement (OR=6.51) and amniotic fluid contamination (OR=3.11) were independent HIE risk factors(P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusions Gestational anemia,gestational diabetes mellitus,hypertensive disorder complicating pregnanc,placental abruption,cord entanglement and amniotic fluid contamination can increase the risk of HIE.Comprehensive preventive nursing strategies and therapy need to be taken in order to reduce the risk of HIE.