Objective To understand the knowledge and diet habit among students from grade 4 to grade 6 in primary school with regard to nutrition and food-related in Changzhi urban,in order to provide basis for the following health education. Methods A questionnaire survey of nutrition and food safety knowledge for primary school students was conducted among 1 265 primary school students selected from grade 4 to grade 6 in 8 primary schools by cluster random sampling in Changzhi urban area from September to December 2013. Results Respondents score about nutrition and food safety knowledge was low,and nutrition knowledge score was lower than food safety knowledge score.The difference was statistically significant (t=29.37,P<0.001).Nutrition knowledge score of students from grade 6 was higher than the score of students from grade 4 and 5(F=15.600,P<0.001).The score of the only child was higher than the score of the non-only-child (t=19.280,P<0.001).Food safety knowledge score of girls was higher than the score of boys(t=2.840,P=0.005).70.7% primary school students ate breakfast every day.21.7% and 36.0% primary school students could eat eggs and milk daily for guarantee.53.9% of primary school students could eat fruits every day.However,39.6% and 24.1% students would eat fried food and pickled foods more than once a week.29.0% and 29.9% primary school students would eat barbecue food and puffed food more than once a week.The firth two ways for the primary school students to get knowledge were networks (49.2%) and parents (25.4%),but they would rather obtain the relative knowledge by health lecture (43.5%) and the network (40.0%). Conclusions The degree of respondents nutrition and food safety knowledge is low,there are also some bad diet habits.The health education is badly needed to intervene and improve the health level.