Objective To compare the urban and rural preschool children aged 3~6 physical fitness of Lishui city,and to explore the influence factors of children's physical fitness. Method A total of 804 preschool children of Lishui city urban and rural six kindergartens were studied by questionnaire investigation and physical test. Results In addition to the 6-year-old boy,other town total scores were higher than in the same age children constitution village children(P<0.05),the urban and rural differences in height,weight,body mass index (BMI),standing long jump,a reverse layup 10 meters,feet jump; Physical fitness total score and indoor static body constitution activity time,father height,parents' education level had weak positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion Society,schools and families should joint efforts from all levels of nutrition,to establish a good lifestyle,exercise more aspects of the comprehensive promote the healthy development of children.