Objective To investigate the prevalence of indoor child injury in community,and explore the cognitive behavior of guardians,and to provide prevention basis for indoor child injury. Methods A retrospective questionnaire was conducted in March 2014 to obtain child injury happened indoor from March 1,2013 to February 28,2014.The cognition and behaviors of guardians on indoor child injury were also been investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Results A random sampling of 928 children within 1~6 years old was obtained in one of the community in Hongkou district,Shanghai.Out of 364(39.22%) participants once had indoor injury,380(40.95%) person-time had been observed.There was no significant difference in age group or gender.While,344 (90.53%) happened as accidental fall or drop.Living room and bedroom were the most common place which injury happened,33.68% indoor injury came from living room and 28.68% happened in bedroom,respectively.In this study,10.74% respondents tended to believe that child injury could not be prevented effectively; while,48.78% had never accept any training or guidance relate to child injury prevention; more than half of the guardians had poor knowledge in child injury,and most of them existed unsafe feeding care behavior. Conclusions The indoor child injury in this community is prevalent.Living room and bedroom are the most frequent places where indoor child injury happened,and the unsafe behaviors are common in guardians.The further intervention researches in this field are necessary.