Objective To analyze the influencing factors of unintentional injury among children in rural areas and provide scientific evidence to prevent and intervene unintentional injuries. Methods The study was carried out by random cluster stratified sampling method,1 601 children from a rural area of Hunan province were investigated with homemade injury questionnaire; SPSS 18.0 software was used to data analysis. Results 1 601 questionnaires were send out and 1 560 valid questionnaires were retrieved and the effective rate was 97.44%,653 unintentional injured children were screened out and the incidence of children unintentional injury in rural areas was 41.86%;Influencing factors analysis of accident proneness in rural children showed that children's gender,grade,only child or not,left-behind children or not,family economic status,education approaches,guardians' gender and health status were the main factors of it. Conclusion The incidence of children unintentional injury in rural areas is at a higher level,childrens' sociological demographic variables and guardians' related factors are influencing factors of it.