Objective To measure the vision screening to 3~6 years old children,and the follow-up to the abnormal children of vision screening,analyse preschool children's abnormal rate and the causes of abnormal vision screening results in Pukou district in the year of 2014,and carrie out the status of preschool children's visual impairment. Methods The vision screening included the using of Suresight screening instrument to check up the refractive errors and anisometropia,and the using the methods of the corneal reflection and the covered tests for dominant eye strabismus.The children with abnormal vision screening results would be in visit for further examination specialized amblyopia,strabismus and other eye diseases. Results The vision screening coverage rate of preschool children was 93.13% in 2014,the vision screening abnormal rate was 7.39%.The refractive errors and anisometropia accounted for 88.85% of total abnormal children by vision screening.Strabismus incidence was 0.36%,the incidence of exotropia was significantly higher than esotropia.Strabismus incidence and vision screening abnormal rate had no significant relation with gender.There were 345 children with vision screening abnormal to the Maternal and Child Health Care Institute for further examination,168 cases diagnosed with amblyopia and strabismus and other eye diseases,the diagnosis rate was 48.69%,the incidence of visual impairment was 3.60%. Conclusion The main causes of abnormal children by vision screening are the refractive errors and anisometropia,followed by strabismus,and the vision screening is the early method for detecting visual impairment effectively.