Objective To explore the effects of pure breast-feeding and artificial feeding on the physical,mental,motor,temperament development of term infant and preterm infant at 6 months of age,and prove the importance of breastfeeding for infant growth and development and provide theoretical basis to promote breastfeeding. Methods Totally 97 term infants and 67 preterm infant were chosen for this study.According to their feeding types,they were assigned into 4 groups:pure breastfeeding term infant group (group A,n=54);artificial feeding term infant group(group B,n=43);breastfeeding preterm infant group (group C,n=38);artificial feeding preterm infant group (group D,n=29).Weight,length and head circumference of A,B,C,D four groups in birth,42 days,two months,three months,six months were measured and calculated the net value.CDCC Scales of Infant Development was used to evaluate their neurodevelopment at age 6 months.The result was indicated as mental development index(MDI),psychomotor development index(PDI).Infant Temperament Scale Standardized in China was used to check the temperament type and nine dimensions of the all infants. Results Aspects of growth and development,net weight of breastfeeding babies in 42 days,42 days ~2 months,2~3 months three time periods were greater than the values of artificial feeding,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);For full-term children,corresponding length and head circumference of the breastfeeding babies in 2~3 months,3~6 months to two time periods and born~42 days,2~3 months the two time periods,had more added value than the artificial feeding.For premature children,the breastfeeding were born~42 days,42 days~2 months,2~3 months,3~4 months four time periods and 42 days~2 months,2~3 months the two time periods,corresponding to the length and head circumference had more added value in beastfeeding than those in the artificial feeding.Breastfed babies' the intellectual,physical development index measured six months after birth were higher compared with artificial feeding.Breastfeeding and artificial feeding formed no difference in temperament in children. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding benifits both the mental development index and psychomotor development index in 6 months term children when compared with pure artificial feeding,the physical development advantages mainly concentrate in the first 3 months after born.Exclusive breastfeeding in 6 months term and preterm infants have no significant association with temperament.