Objective To grasp the changes of 7 to 18 years old Uygur children and adolescents' physical fitness in Xinjiang,and provide a scientific basis for improving the fitness level of Uygur children and adolescents. Method The physical research data of 2000 and 2010 Uygur children and adolescents in Xinjiang were used for statistical analysis for 7～18 year-old Uygur students' fitness index. Results Nearly 10 years,the rate quality of Uygur children and adolescents' physical fitness had increased,the other decreased.Compared with 2000,the urban male,rural male,urban female and rural female speed quality of Xinjiang Uygur students in 2010 increased 0.1,0.4,0.1 & 0.3 s;Endurance quality dropped 16.4,2.9,13.3 s & 2.3s;Explosive quality dropped 1.6,1.2,10.1 & 7.1 cm;In addition to urban male students flexibility quality increased 0.3cm outside flexibility quality,rural male,urban female and rural female dropped 0.5,0.4 cm & 0.7 cm,power quality dropped 11.6,7.7,13.0 b/m & 13.1 b/m;The most of all ages physical differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Nearly 10 years,the speed quality have improved,but endurance,explosive,flexibility and power quality have decreased in 7 to 18 years old of Uygur students in Xinjiang.Hence,complicated measures including school health education and physical training should be taken to improve their physical fitness.