Objective To understand the situation of emotional and behavioral problems and its influencing factors of preschool children in Tongling city,and to provide the method for the intervention. Method A total of 2 408 children in nurseries who were sampled from Tongling city in stratified and cluster sampled were investigated by general situation questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Result The detection rate of the score of SDQ and 5 factors were 11.5% and 48.2%.Scores of difficulties,conduct problems,hyperactivity,peer interaction problems,the prosocial behavior of boys were higher than girls (P<0.05).The scores of all age groups of the total difficulties,conduct problems,hyperactivity,attention deficit,peer interaction problems and prosocial behavior had statistically significant differences(P<0.05).By logistic regression analysis,the risk factors of children's emotional and behavioral problems were:the smoking of the father,male,fetal distress,not core family.The mother of highly educated was the protection factor.When children were younger,the risk of emotional and behavioral problems of them was higher. Conclusion The emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children are outstanding,and the corresponding measures should be taken to intervene.