Objective To explore the family environment influential factors of school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods The survey was made in 103 ADHD children (ADHD group) and 103 matched normal children (control group),children surveyed by Family Environment Scale (FES),general questionnaire and self-designed questionnaire of parental harsh discipline.The relations among family environment and ADHD were analyzed. Results The FES scores of cohesion,expressiveness,intellectual-cultural orientation,active-recreational orientation,organization in ADHD group were statistically lower than those in control group (all P<0.05),while the score of conflict in ADHD group was statistically significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the FES score of cohesion (OR=0.55,P=0.004),expressiveness (OR=0.69,P=0.038) and children having more hobbies (OR=0.51,P=0.000) were protective factors influencing ADHD.Mother spanking children (OR=1.73,P=0.002),children doing homework with their parents (OR=1.66,P=0.004),parental discipline being not consistent (OR=1.55,P=0.047),children being not raised by their parents (OR=1.59,P=0.028) were risk factors influencing ADHD. Conclusion Through the survey,it revealed the existence of non-favourable family circumstances including lower scores of cohesion children having less hobbies,mother spanking children etal in ADHD family maybe closely related with the progress or the cause of ADHD,but it requires further research.