Objective To assess the injury risk factors of children's home environment and the effect of intervention. Methods A total of 120 one-child families were selected in child health clinic by systematic sampling,their family environment were assessed and invented by medical staff door-to-door referring to Self-designed Children's Home Security Assessment form,and the 5S principle of household goods safety inspection recommended by the Safe Kids Worldwide. Results A total of 53 family environmental risk factors were detected in 75 family environmental risk factors before the intervention.The detection rate ranged from 0.92% to 78.90%.There were the door without security card or door stop(78.90%),the telephone without emergency phone cards(64.22%),unused power socket without protection(54.13%) and pan on the stove without cooking with the detection rate of more than 50%.The differences about the detection rate of the 11 environmental risk factors including the door without security card or door stop before and after the intervention were statistically significant(P<0.01).To assign the environmental index showed that the average assignment scores before the intervention were 67.9±4.4,and 72.9±2.3 after.There was statistically significant difference between the scores(t=15.542,P<0.001).The rate of children injury in home was 3.67% during the intervention.Conclusions The children home injury can be effectively reduced children's home environment risk factors assessment and the intervention by the medical staff implement.Prevention of children's home injury needs to strengthen the use of home security products and the safety precaution in the kitchen and bathroom.