Objective To study the relationship between the incidences of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) and attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors (like-ADHD) and to investigate whether the two diseases were independent diseases or the brain damage caused by ESES is the basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity behavior. Methods The children diagnosed as benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECT) variant with ESES (A group) and BECT (B group) were collected from the children's neurological clinic.The incidence of attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors in each group,and the difference of Conners parents' questionnaire were compared.The children in A group were treated with standard hormone therapy and re-evaluated attention deficit and hyperactivity morbidity before and after treatment,and the 6 factor scores in Conners parents' questionnaire were compared by paired t test before and after treatment. Results In the group A,28 cases were detected,18 cases were diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors,the positive rate was 64.3%.In the group B,26 were detected and 7 cases were with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors,the positive rate was 26.9%.The incidence of those behaviors in the A group was significantly higher than that in the B group (P=0.038).In the group A,the factor scores such as the learning problem,psychosomatic disorder,hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in Conners parents' questionnaire were significantly higher than those of the B group.28 cases in A group were completed a total of 6 months of hormone therapy.Seizure or seizures decreased more than 50% and ESES disappeared 3~6 months (discharge index lower than 30%) in 17 case patients.The Conners parent questionnaire was performed in 17 patients with ESES,diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors were 5 cases,and the positive rate was 29.4%.Compared with pre-treatment,detection rate was significantly lower (P=0.023).After the disappearance of ESES,the score of the factors such as learning problem,impulse hyperactivity and a lot of moving index scores decreased significantly. Conclusion The children with attention deficit and hyperactivity and other symptoms were associated with brain dysfunction.ESES phenomenon can lead to brain advanced neurological impairment,and is the basis for the high prevalence of epilepsy combined with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors.