Objective To study out the neglect state of rural pupil in Jiamusi and to provide a base for projecting scientific intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 576 pupils (of whom left-behind children were 433) who were multistage stratified randomly sampled from Jiamusi,were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Rural Pupil Aged 6~11 Years old in China.SPSS 19.0 was employed for statistics analysis. Results The neglect frequency and degree of left-behind children aged 6~8 were 48.74 and 48.25±8.40 respectively,and they were 52.99% and 46.82±10.21 of children aged 9~11.They were the same as the whole country' level and they were higher than the urban pupils' level.There were differences on neglect frequency and degree between males and female(P<0.05).The neglect degrees of age group 6~8 were higher than 9~11(P<0.05) on education and society.The neglect frequency and degree of pupils aged 9~11 were higher than 6~8 on safety.The neglect frequency and degree of males' were higher than female's on physical and so was the neglect degree on emotion.All pupils suffered neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types.There were no differences on neglect frequency and degree in different types of left-behind children. Conclusions Neglect degree and frequency of left-behind children aged 6~11 in rural city of Jiamusi are high.More attention and more resources should be paid to rural pupils.And the whole society should focus on improving the rural children's environments.