Objective To explore the related problems of diagnosis and treatment of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the mental health states of their mothers,to analysis the differences in different ages and to provide some references for future work. Methods A total of 235 cases diagnosed with ASD were divided into two groups:98 cases aged 18 ~ 36 months (group 1),and 137 cases aged 37 ~ 72 months (group 2).A self-designed general questionnaire was used to collect the clinic demand in the two groups,and the Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the mental health of the mothers. Results Delay or absence of spoken language was the most concern for parents in both groups,and parents in group 2 paid more attention on social communication abnormal behaviors.Both parents in two groups regarded "language progress" as primary goal,followed by behavior modification (including eye contact people,to reduce restricted/repetitive behaviors,easier to take,etc.)(P>0.05).In addition,parents in group 1 were more worried on whether children could go to kindergarten or school,etiology,and the risk of having a second child than the parents in group 1 (P<0.05),and the other aspects of concern had no statistical difference.The SCL-90 total scores in the parents of two groups were significantly higher than other parents with healthy children(P<0.05),and the positive number,the factor score of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression and anxietywere significantly higher in parents of group 2 were higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). Conclusion In this region,the delay of spoken language is still the most concern for parents of preschool children with ASD,and there are differences in the related problems of diagnosis and treatment of preschool children with ASD in different age and also in the mental health states of their mothers.