Objective To discuss the differences of lipid levels between Hui and Han ethnicity students in the downtown of Yinchuan,and provide a basis data for students of different ethnic groups to prevent cardiovascular disease. Methods In September 2013,7~12 years old children were randomly selected from three primary schools of Yinchuan using stratified cluster sampling method,the students' fasting blood were collected,and measured plasma lipid indicators including total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein protein cholesterol (HDL-C). Results 1)The dyslipidemia detection rate of 1 403 students was 28.2%,the dyslipidemia detection rates of Hui and Han were 37.8% and 24.6% respectively,Hui was significantly higher than Han (P<0.01);About the detection rate of abnormal plasma lipid of Hui and Han students,differences of the LDL-C and HDL-C abnormal rates were statistically significant (P<0.01),Hui was higher than the Han.2)Comparison of different ethnic groups of the same sex lipid levels,except the TG,the remaining three' differences in the boys were statistically (P<0.01),Hui's TC and HDL-C levels were lower,and LDL-C level was higher than Han's.And in the girls,four lipid levels were significantly different (P<0.05),Hui's TG,TC and HDL-C levels were lower than Han's,and LDL-C level was higher than Han's.3)Comparison of the same ethnic groups of different sex,in addition to the Han between male and female students,difference of TG,HDL-C had statistically significant (P<0.05),the remain differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The detection rate of dyslipidemia is different among students of Hui and Han,and we should consider the impact of different ethnic genetic factors and lifestyle to prevent and treat dyslipidemia of children in the area.