Objective To explore the characteristic of neurodevelopment and temperament in 12 months old infants of small for gestational age,and provide theoretical basis for early intervention.Methods Neurodevelopment and temperament of 58 small for gestational age infants aged 12 months and 80 normal term infants were assessed with developmental screening test (DST),an intellectual developmental screening test and 1~3-year-old children temperament scale,and the differences of developmental quotient(DQ),mental index(MI),exercise capacity,social adaptation,intelligence,temperament dimensionality and classification were compared between two groups.Results 1) For the small for gestational age infants group,the proportion of suspicious values of DQ were higher than those of normal group (P<0.05).The proportion of medium values of DQ,the values of the intelligence and MI were lower than those of normal group (P<0.05).2)The proportions of intermediate partial easy type in the small for gestational age infant group was lower than the normal term infants group (P<0.05).The value of activity level in the small for gestational age infants group was lower than that of the normal group,and the values of regularity,phobotaxis were higher than those of normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion The neurodevelopment of small for gestational age infants aged 12 months is later than the normal term infants,and the temperament has special character,early intervention is needed if necessary.