Objective To investigate risk factors and complications of premature,to provide data for prevention and improve clinical outcome. Methods In case control study method,102 premature infants were selected as case group,117 full-term infants as the control group,the medical records and questionnaire survey were collected.Application of unconditioned Logistic regression analysis was used to risk factors for premature,the comparison of rate was used by χ² test. Results Multiple pregnancy,premature rupture of membranes,placental abruption,gestational diabetes,threatened abortion history,placenta previa,gestational hypertension were risk factors for premature.Premature rupture of membranes and gestational diabetes were in the first place according to the incidence of sorting,both accounting for 31.4% of the premature,followed by gestational hypertension and multiple pregnancies,23.5%,22.5% respectively.Low blood sugar,high blood bilirubin,intracranial bleeding,anemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),infection rates in premature were higher than the full-term (P＜0.01).Anemia prevalence,NRDS in gestational age group of 30~34⁺⁶ weeks premature were higher than those in 35~36⁺⁶ weeks group(P＜0.05).High blood bilirubin,anemia,NRDS,infection rates in low birth weight premature were higher than those of premature with 2 500 g or higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Premature rupture of membranes,gestational diabetes,gestational hypertension and multiple pregnancy are major risk factors for premature.Premature complication rates are higher than the full-term.With the smaller gestational age,the lower birth weights is,the higher the rate of complications is.Low birth weight premature infants are more likely to have complications.