Objective To investigate the changes in nutritional status of serum vitamin A and serum iron content before and after the treatment of children with pneumonia,which would provide a new idea for clinical treatment of them. Methods A total of 80 children with pneumonia hospitalized were selected in our department,and were divided into conventional treatment group and vitamin A treatment group.While 30 health check-up children were selected as the control group,respectively detect the levels of retinol binding protein and serum iron content,within 24 hours after admission,10 days after drug treatment.The control group was detected on the day of physical examination,the detection results were compared among 3 groups. Results The retinol binding protein and serum iron content of all pneumonia children within 24 hours after admission was significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared the conventional treatment group with the vitamin A treatment group,the difference of retinol binding protein and serum iron content were not statistically significant (P>0.05).10 days after drug treatment,the levels of retinol binding protein and serum iron content were increased significantly of all pneumonia children,but there were statistically significant between the conventional treatment group and the control group (P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant between the vitamin A treatment group and the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion There are significant vitamin A deficiency and serum iron content decreased in acute term of pneumonia,with pneumonia is improved,the lever of vitamin A and serum iron content gradually rise.There is a certain relationship between vitamin A deficiency and the occurrence and development of pneumonia,the vitamin A supplement should be noted in the course of treatment of pneumonia.