Objective To investigate the short-term prognosis of discharged children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa and explore the factors related with clinical outcome. Method Cases with age ≤18 years old,meeting criteria of anorexia nervosa of International Classification of Disease,10th version(ICD-10) and hospitalized firstly during 2008 to 2012 were selected and performed by the self-compiled questionnaire to getting information from medical documents during hospitalization and telephone follow-up. Results In the 59 enrolled subjects,45 cases with average age of 16.56 years old were followed up after average 2.39 years from their discharge.At the follow-up,their body mass index (BMI) was 9.21~28.40 (18.47±3.54) kg/m²,the BMI of 28 cases had already been normal,25 cases had fear of being fat,5 cases had body-image disorder,25 cases had abnormal eating behaviors,4 cases had excessive exercise,19 (57.58%)cases of the female patients had normal menstruation,38 cases were at school or work normally.In objective assessment of outcome,the numbers of cases with recovery,improvement and chronicity were 13,28 and 4 respectively.In the subjective assessment of outcome,the numbers of cases with good,middle and poor outcome were separately 25,13 and 7 respectively.The results of subjective assessment were better than that of objective assessment(Kappa=0.214).Based on the results of objective assessment,male was positively correlated with the prognosis(r=0.311,P=0.037),the competitive of subject was negatively correlated with prognosis(r=-0.317,P=0.034). Conclusions The outcome of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa during 1～5 years after hospital discharge is relatively good.The prognosis of boys is better than girls,and the competitive nature may affect the clinical outcome negatively.