Objective To know the urban and rural collective physical conditions of children aged 3~6 years old in Changping district and to provid more scientific basis for the better development of children physical exercise work.Methods With the stratified cluster sampling principle,physical fitness test was performed on 1 356 children aged 3~6 years old,and the Results were analyzed. Results The physical development status of girls were better than boys and urban children were better than rural children.The physical quality of overall development was improved by age,boys were better than girls and urban children were better than rural children.Boys were better at sensitivity,explosiveness,strength and balance than girls,while girls were better at coordination and flexibility.Urban children were better at explosiveness,coordination and balance,while rural children were better at sensitivity and flexibility.Urban children aged 3~4 years old were better than rural children with their upper limb strength,while rural children aged 5~6 years old were opposite.Conclusion According to the region and gender differences of collective children aged 3~6 years old,effective scientific physical exercises should be done with the consideration of their physical development characteristics in order to promote the healthy development of children.