Objective To research the current dietary situation of rural left-behind children in Shandong Province,put forward to improve rural left-behind children dietary,and to provide the scientific basis for the relevant decision making. Method With stratified random sampling method,735 children aged 0~5 years old were selected from 7 townships of Shandong Province and investigated with a questionnaire. Results Among the 735 children,269 cases (36.6%) were left-behind children.Compared with the non left-behind children,the energy,fat,vitamin C and protein intake dysplasia detection rate of the left-behind children were higher.Logistic regression models showed that family economic status,whether the guardian emphasis on children diet and guardians receive any parental education were significant factors affecting dietary status of rural children left-behind.Conclusion s Left-behind children in rural areas of Shandong province have poorer dietary.The current dietary situation should be improved on left-behind children in child maintenance person,guardian and social security system aspects.