Objective To investigate the variation of the morphological development indicators of the Uyghur and Kirgiz primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang,and to provide scientific basis for the physical health in school. Methods Analysis was made on the investigation data of the Uyghur and Kirgiz primary and secondary school students' height,weight and chest circumference between 1985 and 2010 in Xinjiang. Results nearly 25 years,remained basic growth of Xinjiang Uygur and Kirgiz ethnic minorities of students' and the average growth values of height,weight,chest circumference were:Uyghur male student' 3.3 cm,3.3 kg,-0.6cm,Uyghur female student' 0.8 cm,1.6 kg,2.7 cm;Kirgiz male student' 4.9 cm,3.2 kg,0.1 cm,Kirgiz female student' 4.2 cm,3 kg,1 cm,respectively.Kirgiz students' body shape development were better than Uyghur students',and the differences had statistically significant(P＜0.05～0.001). Conclusions Nearly 25 years,Xinjiang ethnic minorities of Uyghur and Kirgiz students' body shape development are varies.The reason is various,in addition to differences in genetic factors,main factors of lifestyle,sports,school environment level and other aspects of economic and social development have differences.