Objective To understand the causes of neonatal death in Jiangning district, and to provide the evidence for intervention measures reducing the neonatal mortality. Method The data of neonatal death in Jiangning district from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Results Over the past five years, there were 151 neonates died in Jiangning district.The average mortality was 3.11‰, early neonatal mortality accounted for 72.8%.The main reasons of neonatal death were birth asphyxia (26.5%), preterm low birth weight (18.5%), congenital heart disease (13.9%), respiratory distress syndrome (12.6%), and other congenital anomaly (8.6%). Conclusion The keys to reduce neonatal death are strengthening pregnancy care during pregnancy, improving the quality of obstetric, strengthening the neonatal supervision and home nursing.