Objective To explore influence factors associate with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A total of 70 NRDS cases were selected as observation group,while 84 neonates without NRDS borned during corresponding period were selected as control group.Perinatal clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results 1) One way analysis showed age of pregnant women and proportion of male,intrauterine infection,selective caesarean section,amniotic fluid aspiration,in utero distress and intrapartum asphyxia in observation group were significantly greater than those in control group (P<0.05),while gestational age and proportion of antenatal corticosteroids were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05).2) Logistic regression analysis showed age of pregnant women (OR=1.7,P<0.001) and proportion of low birth weight (OR=10.2,P=0.004),male (OR=3.7,P=0.04),selective caesarean section (OR=6.2,P=0.002),and intrapartum asphyxia (OR=11.3,P=0.025) were independent risk factors for NRDS,while gestational age (OR=0.6,P=0.002) and proportion of antenatal corticosteroids (OR=0.1,P<0.001) were independent protective factors. Conclusion Age of pregnant women and low birth weight,male,selective caesarean section,and intrapartum asphyxia can increase the risk of NRDS,while gestational age and antenatal corticosteroids can reduce the risk of NRDS.