Objective To understand the health status of the newborns and master the incidence,the mortality,the death causes and influencing factors of the common diseases in newborns. Method As the population basis of stratified cluster sampling cross-sectional study,6 162 cases of neonatal were investigated who born within one year(from 2010-10-1 to 2011-9-30) in Shenyang city. Results The male to female ratio was 1.073∶1.The average birth weight was (3 399.24±459.69)g.There was a statistically significant difference of newborns birth weight in different genders and gestational age.There was a positively correlation between pregnancy weight gain and birth weight(r=0.15,P＜0.001).Parents,smoking,passive smoking or drinking all could lead to increase incidence of low birth weight (P＜0.01).Low birth weight children in the neonatal period appeared to catch up with the growth trend.The incidence of preterm infants was 5.37%.The incidence of low birth weight was 3.55%.The incidence of macrosomia was 10.68%.The incidence of cesarean section was 69.96%.The neonatal mortality rate was 3.8‰.The first cause of the newborn death was premature low birth weight. Conclusions Maternal and newborn health care should be strengthened:control weight gain during pregnancy in the normal range and eliminate parents,unhealthy living habits.The purpose is to reduce premature birth,low birth weight,macrosomia,the rate of cesarean section and neonatal mortality.The key to improving children's health is strength the monitoring and management of newborns.