Objective To analyse the death situations of children under 5 years old of the residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2002 to 2013,and provide references for developing measures to promote children health. Methods The vital data of children under 5 years old were collected and analyzed from 2002 to 2013.The cause of death was coded by the 10^th edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).The trend was tested by join-point regression program 4.1. Results The total death of children under 5 years old in Pudong New Area was 889.Under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) covered from 3.09‰～6.56‰.Infant mortality rate (IMR) covered from 2.31‰~5.37‰.The top three causes of death were congenital malformation,neonatal illness,injury and poisoning,which three causes added up to 81.21% of the total. Conclusions The U5MR of the registered population in Pudong New Area is quite low.Prenatal and postnatal care and foster physical fitness should be promoted among the population in order to reduce the cause specific death rate of genital malformation and neonatal illness,and enhance children safety education to reduce the cause specific death rate of injury.