Objective To understand the relationship between childhood abuse and physical sub-health,the mediating/moderating effects of loneliness among middle school students in Bengbu,and to improve the health status of adolescents. Methods A total of 5 116 adolescents in Bengbu were enrolled with method of stratified cluster random sampling.All the participants were investigated with Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents(MSQA),Child Trauma Questionnarire-Short Form(CTQ-SF) and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Results Totally 26.2% of the adolescents were reported in status of physical sub-health.The reporting rate of status of physical sub-health differed among different gender and study stages(P<0.05).Childhood abuse was positively correlated with loneliness (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that girls,high loneliness,high childhood abuse and senior high school students were risk factors to physical sub-health (P<0.01).The partial mediating effect of loneliness on the relations between childhood abuse and physical sub-health was significant (30.27%).The moderating effect of loneliness on the relations between childhood abuse and physical sub-health was significant,with the severity of loneliness,childhood abuse was negative reinforcement to predict the physical sub-health. Conclusion Loneliness has the mediating/moderating effects in the relationship between childhood abuse and physical sub-health among middle school students.