Objective To understand the current situation of child health care service aged 0 to 6 years old in poor families in Huining county of Gansu province,to find the influencing factors about the utilization of health care service for these children,and to provide basis for improving their health level. Methods A total of 533 caretakers were randomly selected in six villages and towns from Huining county of Gansu province and surveyed with questionnaire and among them partly with focus group discussion to gain basic situation of families and children as well as the information of child health care service. Results The coverage of child care service aged 0 to 6 years old of poor families in Huining county was only 75.4%,the main influencing factors on the coverage of child care service were education level of caretakers,average annual family income per person,whether to accept the neonatal follow-up,and whether to accept health education. Conclusion The coverage of child care serviceaged 0 to 6 years old of poor families in Huining county has yet to be improved.Economic factors,health knowledge of caretaker and health care consciousness are important influencing factors on whether children in poor families accept health care service.