Objective To investigate the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth among children in Shenyang city. Methods According to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization and The Third National Oral Health Investigation, the deciduous caries of 3 868 children aged from 3 to 6 years old were clinically examined.The results were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 65.98%.The mean DMFT score was 3.49.The prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT increased gradually as the children were growing up (P<0.01).Dental caries of the upper teeth was significantly more common than that of the lower teeth (P<0.01).There were statistically significant difference between the kindergartens.Related factors analysis needed further research.The prevalence of dental caries of female was more than male.But there was no statistical significance between male and female. Conclusions Deciduous dental caries of preschool children is an important problem in Shenyang city.Necessary Methods for early prevention of dental caries must be taken into consideration.