Objective To explore relationships of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and serum bilirubin, albumin and B/A values, in neonates suffering from hyperbilirubin-induced brain injury. Methods Serum NSE contents (s-NSE)of hyperbilirubinemia infants were determined by ELISA.Serum indirect bilirubin values (s-UCB) and albumin values (A) were measured by full-automatic biochemical analyzerm, and indirect bilirubin and albumin ratio (B/A) was calculated.The 62 cases with increased s-NSE concentrations were devided into two groups:mildly increased s-NSE values group and highly increased s-NSE values group, then differences of serum indicators from the two groups, and correlations of s-NSE values and the serum indicators were analyzed. Results There were significant difference in s-UCB value (P<0.05), no significant difference in A values (P>0.05), and very significant difference in B/A value (P<0.001) between two groups.There was a good positive correlation between s-NSE value and the B/A value (r=0.687, P<0.001). Conclusions B/A ratio could be a good mark to hyperbilirubin-induced brain injury.Through monitoring B/A ratio, neonates with hyperbilirubinemia may reasonably be intervened.