Objective To investigate the molecular genetics of bronchiolitis and asthma in test and clinical applications. Methods A retrospective compliant 120 cases of hospitalized children in hospital from November 2012 to April 2013 were diagnosed as "bronchiolitis".Children admitted to hospital were underwent genetic testing of children with allergic asthma, according to test results, the number of wheezing and high risk detection was analyzed. Results 1)The first incidence of bronchiolitis children with allergic asthma genetic testing genetic risk was significantly lower than the second incidence of bronchiolitis in children, there was significant difference (P<0.05).2)Children of treatment group were received the appropriate anti-asthma therapy, while the control group were treated with conventional therapy (bronchiolitis treatment), the cough, wheezing, dyspnea and pulmonary rales disappeared time and subsequent episodes, hospitalization time, economic costs and family pressure of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P all <0.05). Conclusion Genetic testing for children allergic asthma of capillary bronchitis infants indicates the risk of disease from the genetic perspective, and asthma intervention treatment to high genetic risk assessment of infants and young children achieves the goal of lower disease risk.