Objective To evaluate the effect of early rehabilitation intervention on preterm children of high-risk brain injury in NICU, and to provide a reliable basis for clinical application. Methods A total of 161 preterm children were enrolled from January, 2009 to July, 2012, who were divided into two groups based on parents' voluntary, the intervention group(n=86) and the conventional group(n=75).The intervention group received medicine and early rehabilitation.The control group received medicine and family invention.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) scores were assessed in correct gestational age 40 weeks.Early motor development assessed in 3 and 6 months old.Developmental evaluation were performed in 6 and 12 months old. Results There was lower incidence of complications of multi-organs in invention group (P=0.01).There were significant in Infant Neurological International Battery (Infanib) in 3 and 6 months old (all P<0.05).The developmental quotient (DQ) and mental index(MI) of 6, 12 months old infants in the invention group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01).The incidence of sequelae was lower in intervention than conventional group (11.3% vs 27.2%)(χ²=3.98, P<0.05). Conclusions Early rehabilitation can promote developement of premature infant with brain damage, reduce the sequelae in NICU and the incidences of complication, shorter the hospital stays.