Objective To know the children disease status of child-care institutions in Jinan city,and provide theoretical basis for prevention of children common diseases and guiding of children's health care work. Method The children's health examination data of 1 203 child-care institutions in Jinan city were analyzed. Results 139 176 children from 3 to 6 years old were examined,and 58 547 cases were checkd out and about 10 types were common diseases.The rate of dental caries detection was highest,account for 24.15% of the number of physical examination,and followed by poor vision,obesity and anemia,and so on.The detection rates of children dental caries,obesity,poor vision and chickenpox in the city were higher than the countryside,and there were significant differences (P<0.01),and the prevalence rates of anemia and malnutrition in the countryside were higher (P<0.01).The detection rates of obesity,dental caries,poor vision and hand-foot and mouth disease in the public kindergarten were higher than the private kindergarten,and there were significant differences (P<0.01),the incidence rate of accident harm in the public kindergarten was higher than the private kindergarten (P<0.05),and the prevalence rate of anemia in the private kindergarten was higher (P<0.01).The prevalence rates of dental caries,obesity and poor vision in the experimental demonstration garden were higher than other categories kindergarten,and the prevalence rates of anemia and malnutrition in the second class the following garden were highest,and there were significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion Dental caries,obesity,poor vision,anemia and malnutrition and other chronic diseases were main diseases hazarding children health of child-care institutions in Jinan city.