Objective To assess the epidemiologic characteristic of childhood nonfatal unintentional injuries aged 3~14 in rural area and explore related factors and provide guide for injury prevention and intervention. Methods A total of 475 children of 4 middle schools and 2 kindergartens in Dongming township were enrolled into this study by using a stratified cluster sampling method in Heze city.Parents of the children were surveyed with a questionnaire.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results The incidence rate of unintentional injuries was 11.45%.The first three types of accidental injuries were collisions (20.53%), falls (18.95%) and poisoning (13.68%)accident for rural children aged 3~14.The places where injuries occurred were mainly at home(25.3%) and leisure activities(23.7%).The main body parts of injuries were arms and face (77.8%), disability account for 3.1% in the severity of the accident.Gender, parents' cultural degree, children personality and left-behind children were the risk factors for rural children accidental injury.The cognitive degree of parents in accident group were significantly lower than non-damaging group(P<0.05). Conclusions Rural children's accidental injury incidence is higher in Heze city.Fall and collision is the main damage types.The parents' knowledge about injury and cultural degree is the most obvious factors for rural children unintentional injury.