目的 了解镇江市小学生抑郁发生情况,探讨影响抑郁障碍发生的相关因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,用自编一般情况调查表及儿童抑郁性情绪筛查表对镇江城乡749名小学生进行调查。结果 小学生抑郁障碍总检出率为4.41%,男童检出率为2.14%,女童检出率为2.27%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城乡男女童抑郁检出率均未见性别差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析发现母亲文化、母亲职业、抚养人类型、对儿童是否打骂、儿童睡眠情况等与儿童抑郁发生相关,多元逐步回归分析发现母亲文化、是否打骂儿童、儿童睡眠与儿童抑郁发生显著相关(P值均＜0.01)。 结论 小学生抑郁是较常见的一种情绪障碍,母亲文化程度低及家长对儿童打骂、儿童睡眠时间少等是小学生抑郁障碍的影响因素。

Objective To explore epidemiologic features and related factors of depression among pupils in Zhenjiang. Methods 749 urban and rural primary school students selected with stratified cluster sampling method were investigated with the self-made measurement and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC).Results The total detected rate of depression was 4.41%,the detected rate of boys was 2.14% and 2.27% in girls respectively.The difference of detected rates between boys and girls was not significant (P>0.05),and there was no gender difference in urban and rural area (P>0.05).Single factor analysis displayed that mother's culture,mother's occupation,child's caregiver,maltreatment and sleep quality were related to pupils depression,and multiple stepwise regression analysis found that mother's culture,child maltreatment and children sleep quality were significantly related to depression. Conclusion Pupils depression is a common kind of mood disorders,low education of mother,maltreatment and lack of sleep are risk factors of depression in pupils.