目的 了解学龄前儿童行为问题的现状,探讨应用气质困难指数筛查学前儿童行为问题的方法,为制定学前儿童行为问题的预防和干预措施,降低儿童心理行为问题的发生提供适宜工具。方法 采用《Achenbach儿童行为量表》(Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)、《Carey 3~7岁儿童气质问卷》分别对600名3~6岁幼儿园儿童的行为问题和气质特征进行评价分析。结果 学前儿童行为问题的的检出率为37.4%,其中男童检出率为40.5%,女童为33.1%。焦虑/抑郁、退缩、注意力、社会化问题、攻击行为因子得分,男童均显著高于女童(P均＜0.05)。气质困难指数与儿童行为总分及各行为因子得分均有显著相关(P≤0.001)。 将Achenbach CBCL作为金标准,气质困难指数(3分为临界值)筛查儿童行为问题的灵敏度为9.9 %,特异度为97.2%。 结论 学龄前儿童心理行为问题不容忽视,儿童的气质困难指数与行为问题的发生密切相关,将其作为筛查儿童行为问题的方法有较高特异度,与经典CBCL方法比较,方法简便易行易于家长接受。

Objective To investigate the behavior problem in preschool children using applied temperament difficulty index and provide a appropriate tools for the development of prevention and intervention measures. 【Method】 600 preschool children were surveyed using Carey Preschool Temperament Questionnaire and Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist for Parents,in Xicheng district of Beijing.Results The prevalence of preschool children with behavior problems was 37.4%,with 40.5% in boys and 33.1% in girls.There were significant gender differences in behavior subscale,the boys showed higher anxiety/depression,withdrawal,inattention,social problems,aggressive behavior(all P＜0.05).The temperament difficulty index had significantly positive correlation with child behavior problems scores(P≤0.001).Temperament difficulty index could be one of screening methods for childhood behavior problems,with the specificity of 97.2%. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of behavior problems in preschool children is quite high.The negative temperament traits is significantly correlated with child behavior problems.Temperament difficulty index might be a good and suitable screening method for childhood behavior problems.