注意力缺陷多动障碍与多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素关系的研究进展
- 雷爽 综述, 韩新民 审校
作者信息
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文章历史
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摘要
注意力缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)发病机制至今不明,其中讨论最热门的是多巴胺系统,其次是去甲肾上腺素系统。两者同属于单胺类神经递质,在生物合成、消除、酶降解及受体等方面有一定的相通性和特异性。本文综述了以上各个因素与ADHD发病及治疗的关系,多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素在ADHD发病及治疗方面具有双重作用,单独研究某个因素或某个系统具有一定的局限性。药物治疗研究过多侧重于单纯神经递质水平的变化,虽可以短期内明显改善ADHD核心症状,却忽视了对长期治疗效果的研究,尤其是ADHD共患病,从而也局限了ADHD的治疗。
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参考文献
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[22] Arnsten AF.Through the looking glass:Differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function[J].Neural Plast,2000,7(1-2):133-146.
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[24] Kim S,Bobeica I,Gamo NJ,et al.Effects of α-2A adrenergic receptor agonist on time and risk preference in primates[J].Psychopharmacology,2012,219(2):363-375.
[25] Bruno KJ,Hess EJ.The alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor mediates hyperactivity of coloboma mice,a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Neurobiol Dis,2006,23(3):679-688.
[26] Gyires K,Zádori ZS,Trk T,Mátyus P.Alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor subtypes-mediated physiological,pharmacological actions[J].Neurochem Int,2009,55(7):447-453.
[27] Sagvolden T,Johansen E B,Aase H,et al.A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2005,28(3):419-468.
[28] Francois G.The dopaminergic hypothesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder needs re-examining[J].Trends Neurosoci,2009,32(1):2-8.
[2] Swanson JM,Kinsbourne M,Nigg J,et al.Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:brain imaging,molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis[J].Neuropsychol Rev,2007,17(1):39-59.
[3] Kim BN,Kim JW,Kang H,et al.Regional differences in cerebral perfusion associated with the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor genotypes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Psychiatry Neurosci,2010,35(5):330-336.
[4] Reja V,Goodchild AK,Phillips JK,et al.Tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in vent rolateral medulla oblongata of WKY and SHR:a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction study[J].Auton Neurosci,2002,98(1-2):79-84.
[5] Sagvolden T,Russell VA,Aase H,et al.Rodent models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J].Biol Psychiatry,2005,57(11):1239-1247.
[6] Leo D,Sorrentino E,Volpicelli F,et al.Altered midbrain dopaminergic neurotransmission during development in an animal model of ADHD[J].Neuroscienceand Biobehavioral Reviews,2003,27(7):661-669.
[7] Kopecková M,Paclt I,Goetz P.Polymorphisms of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in ADHD children[J].Folia Biol(Praha),2008,54(2):71.
[8] Kieling C,Genro JP,Hutz MH,et al.The-1021 C/T DBH polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological performance among children and adolescents with ADHD[J].Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet,2008,147B(4):485-490.
[9] Volkow,ND,Wang G,Fowler JS,et al.Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain[J].J Neurosci,2001,21(2):RC121.
[10] Frank P,Bymaster,MS,Jason S,et al.Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat:A potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J].Neuropsychopharmacology,2002,27(5):699-711.
[11] Carpenter AC,Saborido TP,Stanwood GD.Development of hyperactivity and anxiety responses in dopamine transporter-deficient mice[J].Dev Neurosci,2012,34(2-3):250-257.
[12] Swanson,JM,Kinsbourne M,Niqq J,et al.Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:brain imaging,molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis[J].Neuropsy chol Rev,2007,17(1):39-59.
[13] Volkow,ND,Wang GJ,Newcorn J,et al.Brain dopamine transporter levels in treatment and drug naive adult s with ADHD[J].Neuroimage,2007,34(3):1182-1190.
[14] Faraone SV,Perlis RH,Doyle AE,et al.Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J].Biol Psychiatry,2005,57(11):1313-1323.
[15] Kim CH,Hahn MK,Joung Y,et al.A polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene alters promoter activity and is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2006,103(50):19164-19169.
[16] Jiang S,Xin R,Lin S,et al.Linkage studies between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the monoamine oxidase genes[J].Am Med Genet,2001,105(8):783-788.
[17] Thapar A,Langley K,Fowler T,et al.Catechol O-methyltransferase gene variant and birth weight predict early-onset antisocial behavior in children with attention deficit/hyperactivitydisorder[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,2005,62(11):1275-1278.
[18] 高雪屏,苏林雁,杜亚松,等.注意缺陷多动障碍与儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶基因的关联分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(1):94-97.
[19] Gerra G,Leonardi C,Cortese E,et al.Homovanillic acid (HVA) plasma levels inversely correlate with attention deficit-hyperactivity and childhood neglect measures in addicted patients[J].J Neural Transm,2007,114(12):1637-1647.
[20] Loos M,Pattij T,Janssen MC.Dopamine receptor D1/D5 gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts impulsive choice in rats[J].Cereb Cortex,2010,20(5):1064-1070.
[21] Bidwell LC,Willcutt EG,McQueen MB,et al.A family based association study of DRD4,DAT1,and 5HTT and continuous traits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Behav Genet,2011,41(1):165-174.
[22] Arnsten AF.Through the looking glass:Differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function[J].Neural Plast,2000,7(1-2):133-146.
[23] Ramos BP,Arnsten AF.Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition:Focus on the prefrontal cortex[J].Pharmacol Ther,2007,113(3):523-536.
[24] Kim S,Bobeica I,Gamo NJ,et al.Effects of α-2A adrenergic receptor agonist on time and risk preference in primates[J].Psychopharmacology,2012,219(2):363-375.
[25] Bruno KJ,Hess EJ.The alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor mediates hyperactivity of coloboma mice,a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Neurobiol Dis,2006,23(3):679-688.
[26] Gyires K,Zádori ZS,Trk T,Mátyus P.Alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor subtypes-mediated physiological,pharmacological actions[J].Neurochem Int,2009,55(7):447-453.
[27] Sagvolden T,Johansen E B,Aase H,et al.A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2005,28(3):419-468.
[28] Francois G.The dopaminergic hypothesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder needs re-examining[J].Trends Neurosoci,2009,32(1):2-8.
基金
国家自然科学基金(81273801);国家级重点学科南京中医药大学中医儿科学科第二期开放研究课题(EZK2012009);江苏省2012年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXZZ12_0613)
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