目的 研究西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏现状及相关因素。 方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云贵川三省城乡6~24月龄婴幼儿3 344名作为对象,通过对婴幼儿看护人进行问卷调查收集婴幼儿食物过敏、致敏食物、婴幼儿及其家庭基本信息,初步探讨家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏流行趋势及特征,应用Logistic回归方法分析其相关因素。结果 家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率为9.54%,城市(13.62%)高于农村(5.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=61.51,P＜0.05);性别及月龄组间无显著差异。主要致敏食物为鱼虾类(城市34.65%,农村30.63%)和蛋类(城市29.53%,农村27.03%),第3位致敏食物城乡有差异,城市是水果类(9.45%),农村是奶类(18.02%)。剖宫产儿食物过敏风险高于自然分娩儿(OR=1.53,P＜0.05)、4个月内非纯母乳喂养儿食物过敏风险高于纯母乳喂养儿(OR=2.17,P＜0.05)、断乳月龄早于4个月儿食物过敏风险高于4月龄后断乳儿(OR=1.55,P＜0.05)。 结论西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率较高,值得进一步关注。自然分娩和母乳喂养可能有助于预防婴幼儿食物过敏。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of self-reported food allergy for infants and young children in southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional study on food allergy was carried out among 3 344 infants and young children aged 6~24 months who were selected from urban and rural of Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces by stratified random cluster method.Data on morbidity of self-reported allergy,food allergens and basic informations about both child and their family were collected from a questionnaire through interviewing infants' caregivers.The related factors on food allergy were analyzed by Logistic regression models. Results The morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children was 9.54%,the difference between urban(13.62%) and rural(5.69%) group was statistically significant (χ²=61.51,P<0.05),and no differences were found in gender and age.The main food allergens were fish and shrimp (34.65%),eggs (29.53%) and fruits (9.45%) in urban,and there were fish and shrimp (30.63%),eggs (27.03%) and dairy (18.02%) in rural.The risk of food allergy for children in cesarean group was higher than that of children in natural delivery group (OR=1.53,P<0.05);Breastfeeding in 4 months after birth related to food allergy.The risk of food allergy in mixed feeding group was higher than that of exclusive breastfeeding group (OR=2.17,P<0.05).The risk of food allergy for infants in breastfeeding with less than 4 months was higher than that of infants in breastfeeding with more than 4 months (OR=1.55,P<0.05). Conclusions The problem should cause our attention that the morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children is relatively high.Natural delivery and breastfeeding is likely to benefit to prevent food allergy in infants and young children.