目的 了解乌鲁木齐市3~7岁过敏性鼻炎患儿过敏原的分布状况,为儿童过敏性鼻炎的防治提供科学依据。 方法 采用体外特异性过敏原检测试剂盒对176例过敏性鼻炎患儿进行吸入过敏原检测,其中90例患儿同时行食物过敏原检测。结果 176例过敏性鼻炎患儿吸入过敏原测试总阳性率为99.4%,以螨混合(屋尘螨+粉尘螨)最高(61.9%),其后依次为蟑螂(53.4%),霉菌混合(点青霉+烟曲霉+交链孢酶)(46.6%),梧桐(41.5%),榆树(38.1%),狗上皮(31.8%),猫毛和豚草均为(17.0%),艾蒿(16.5%),葎草(11.9%)等。90例患儿食物过敏原的总阳性率为84.4%,过敏原主要为小麦和花生均为(54.4%),其次为鸡蛋和大豆分别为(50.0%)、(42.2%),坚果混合和牛奶(分别为31.1%、23.3%),蟹(16.7%),西红柿(11.1%),鳕鱼和虾均为(8.9%)等。 结论螨为乌鲁木齐市3～7岁过敏性鼻炎患儿最主要的过敏原,食物过敏亦占相当比例。明确过敏原后对托幼机构开展卫生消毒和预防保健工作具有重要的指导意义。

Objective To analyse the allergens among 3~7 years old children with allergic rhinitis and provide scientific basis for prevention in Urumqi. Method A total of 176 children with allergic rhinitis was recruited for the inhaled reactions and 90 cases of them had the food tests at the same time. Results The total positive rate of the inhaled tests was 99.4% among the 176 cases with allergic rhinitis.The highest positive rate was mites 61.9%.The positive rate of other allergens were:blackbeetle 31.7%,fungi 46.6%,phoenix tree 41.5%,elm 38.1%,dog coat 31.8%,cat coat and ragweed 31.8%,arlemisia 16.5%,scandent hop 11.9%.The total positive rate of the food tests was 84.4% among the 90 cases with allergic rhinitis.The positive rate of wheat and peanut (54.4%) was the highest.The positive rate of heneggs,pea,nut,cow,smilk,crab,tomato,cod fish and shrimp were 50.0%,42.2%,31.1%,23.3%,16.7%,11.1%,8.9%,8.9% respectively.Conclusion The mites is the most common allergen among 3~7 years old children with allergic rhinitis in Urumqi.To carry out disinfection and preventive care in nurseries and kindergartens has an important guiding meaning.