摘要
经常参加身体活动不仅能提高身体健康,也能改善心理功能。近年来大量研究通过考察有氧体能等对儿童认知神经功能的影响,来论证身体活动具有促进儿童学习和认知功能的效益。已有研究发现,儿童的有氧体能与其学习和认知表现有着积极关联,表现为有氧体能更好的儿童,其学业表现和认知水平更好,锻炼是促进儿童认知神经功能的一种简单有效方法。本文对相关研究进展作了回顾,提出了已有研究的不足之处,并指出未来研究需要考虑的问题。
关键词
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参考文献
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[2] Tomporowski PD,Davis CL,Miller PH,et al.Exercise and children's intelligence,cognition,and academic achievement[J].Educ Psychol Rev,2008,20(2):111-131.
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[7] Pontifex MB,Scudder MR,Drollette ES,et al.Fit and vigilant:the relationship between poorer aerobic fitness and failures in sustained attention during preadolescence[J].Neuropsychology,2012,26(4):407-413.
[8] Chaddock L,Neider MB,Lutz A,et al.Role of childhood aerobic fitness in successful street crossing[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(4):749-753.
[9] Diamond A.The early development of executive functions In E.Bialystok & F.Craik(Eds.),Lifespan Cognition:Mechanisms of Change[M].New York:Oxford University Press.2006:70-95.
[10] Buck SM,Hillman CH,Castelli DM.The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2008,40(1):166-172.
[11] Chaddock L,Hillman CH,Buck SM,et al.Aerobic fitness and executive control of relational memory in preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2011,43(2):344-349.
[12] Pontifex MB,Raine LB,Johnson CR,et al.Cardiorespiratory fitness and the flexible modulation of cognitive control in preadolescent children[J].J Cogn Neurosci,2011,23(6):1332-1345.
[13] Hillman CH,Castelli DM,Buck SM,et al.Aerobic fitness and neurocognitive function in healthy preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2005,37(11):1967-1974.
[14] Kramer AF,Erickson K.Capitalizing on cortical plasticity:influence of physical activity on cognition and brain function[J].Trends Cogn Sci,2007,11(8):342-348.
[15] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.A functional mri investigation of the association between childhood aerobic fitness and neurocognitive control[J].Biol Psychol,2012,89(1):260-268.
[16] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.Basal ganglia volume is associated with aerobic fitness in preadolescent children[J].Dev Neurosci,2010,32(3):249-256.
[17] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness,hippocampal volume,and memory performance in preadolescent children[J].Brain Res,2010,1358:172-183.
[18] Wolfe KR,Madan-Swain A,Hunter GR,et al.An fmri investigation of working memory and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness in pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors who received cranial radiation therapy[J].Pediatr Blood Cancer,2013,60(4):669-675.
[19] Davis CL,Tomporowski PD,Mcdowell JE,et al.Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children:a randomized,controlled trial[J].Health Psychol,2011,30(1):91-98.
[2] Tomporowski PD,Davis CL,Miller PH,et al.Exercise and children's intelligence,cognition,and academic achievement[J].Educ Psychol Rev,2008,20(2):111-131.
[3] Hillman CH,Erickson KI,Kramer AF.Be smart,exercise your heart:exercise effects on brain and cognition[J].Nat Rev Neurosci,2008,9(1):58-65.
[4] Castelli DM,Hillman CH,Buck SM,et al.Physical fitness and academic achievement in third-and fifth-grade students[J].J Sport Sci Exerc Psychol,2007,29(2):239-245.
[5] Rauner RR,Walters RW,Avery M,et al.Evidence that aerobic fitness is more salient than weight status in predicting standardized math and reading outcomes in fourth- through eighth-grade students[EB/OL].J Pediatr,online 04 March 2013.
[6] Roberts CK,Freed B,Mccarthy WJ.Low aerobic fitness and obesity are associated with lower standardized test scores in children[J].J Pediatr,2010,156(5):711-718.
[7] Pontifex MB,Scudder MR,Drollette ES,et al.Fit and vigilant:the relationship between poorer aerobic fitness and failures in sustained attention during preadolescence[J].Neuropsychology,2012,26(4):407-413.
[8] Chaddock L,Neider MB,Lutz A,et al.Role of childhood aerobic fitness in successful street crossing[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(4):749-753.
[9] Diamond A.The early development of executive functions In E.Bialystok & F.Craik(Eds.),Lifespan Cognition:Mechanisms of Change[M].New York:Oxford University Press.2006:70-95.
[10] Buck SM,Hillman CH,Castelli DM.The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2008,40(1):166-172.
[11] Chaddock L,Hillman CH,Buck SM,et al.Aerobic fitness and executive control of relational memory in preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2011,43(2):344-349.
[12] Pontifex MB,Raine LB,Johnson CR,et al.Cardiorespiratory fitness and the flexible modulation of cognitive control in preadolescent children[J].J Cogn Neurosci,2011,23(6):1332-1345.
[13] Hillman CH,Castelli DM,Buck SM,et al.Aerobic fitness and neurocognitive function in healthy preadolescent children[J].Med Sci Sport Exer,2005,37(11):1967-1974.
[14] Kramer AF,Erickson K.Capitalizing on cortical plasticity:influence of physical activity on cognition and brain function[J].Trends Cogn Sci,2007,11(8):342-348.
[15] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.A functional mri investigation of the association between childhood aerobic fitness and neurocognitive control[J].Biol Psychol,2012,89(1):260-268.
[16] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.Basal ganglia volume is associated with aerobic fitness in preadolescent children[J].Dev Neurosci,2010,32(3):249-256.
[17] Chaddock L,Erickson KI,Prakash RS,et al.A neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness,hippocampal volume,and memory performance in preadolescent children[J].Brain Res,2010,1358:172-183.
[18] Wolfe KR,Madan-Swain A,Hunter GR,et al.An fmri investigation of working memory and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness in pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors who received cranial radiation therapy[J].Pediatr Blood Cancer,2013,60(4):669-675.
[19] Davis CL,Tomporowski PD,Mcdowell JE,et al.Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children:a randomized,controlled trial[J].Health Psychol,2011,30(1):91-98.
基金
教育部人文社科项目(11YJA190008);北京市教育科学规划重点项目(AGA09096);北京市科技面上项目(SQKM201210029003、PXM2013_014206_000058);北京市科技计划项目“体育锻炼对情绪调节的影响及脑神经机制研究”;认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放课题基金
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