目的 了解张家口市卫华小学7~12岁儿童肥胖发生情况,分析儿童期肥胖与血压及肺活量的关系。 方法 于2012年9月通过整群抽样的方法,对张家口市卫华小学1 530名儿童进行体重、身高、血压、肺活量等相关指标进行测量。计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI),依据BMI值筛查超重、肥胖儿童,统计分析肥胖与血压水平及肺活量的关系。结果 受检人群总体超重检出率为13.01%,肥胖检出率为14.25%,其中男童、女童超重检出率分别为17.2%和8.31%,男童、女童肥胖检出率分别为14.23%和8.59%,男童超重、肥胖检出率均显著高于女童(P<0.01);超重和肥胖儿童的收缩压和舒张压水平均显著高于体重正常儿童(P<0.01),且超重、肥胖和体重正常儿童高血压检出率分别为10.55%、39.95%和4.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);当儿童BMI<30时,BMI与肺活量呈正相关,当BMI≥30时,BMI与肺活量呈负相关。 结论张家口市卫华小学儿童超重、肥胖流行趋势显著,男童更为突出;随着肥胖程度的增加,儿童的收缩压和舒张压水平呈现上升趋势,高血压检出率增加;当儿童BMI≥30时,肥胖已影响肺功能。提示儿童超重、肥胖使心、肺功能降低,预防和控制儿童肥胖刻不容缓。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7~12 years old in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou,and analyze their relationships between obesity and blood pressure,vital capacity. Methods In September 2012,1 530 children aged 7~12 years old were involved by a cluster sampling method in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou.The weight,height,blood pressure,vital capacity,and other related indexes were measured,with body mass index (BMI) being calculated.According to the BMI value,the overweight and obese children were defined.The relationships between obesity and blood pressure levels,vital capacity were also analyzed. Results The total prevalence of overweight and obesity in involved children were 13.01% and 14.25%,respectively.Among boys and girls,the prevalences were 17.2% and 8.31% for overweight,while 14.23% and 8.59% for obesity,respectively.Both the prevalences of overweight and obesity in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P<0.01).The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were higher in overweight and obese children than those in the normal weight children (P<0.01).The detection rates of high blood pressure among overweight,obesity and normal children were 10.55%,39.95% and 4.85%,respectively,which had a significant difference(P<0.01).When the children's BMI was less than 30,BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity,and when the children's BMI was greater than or equal to 30,BMI was negatively correlated with vital capacity. Conclusions The prevalences of overweight and obesity are high among children in Weihua primary school in Zhangjiakou,and higher prevalence is found in the boys.The SBP and DBP levels of children are increasing continuously following by increasing obesity,and the prevalence of high blood pressure is also increasing from normal weight,overweight to obesity.When children's BMI is greater than or equal to 30,the obesity has already affected lung's function.Results show that overweight and obesity in childhood made the function of heart and lung reduced.Therefore,the prevention and control of obesity is imperative in childhood.