目的 评价水痘疫苗的保护效果,为能有效地预防接种提供依据。 方法 收集发生水痘暴发疫情幼儿园内全部儿童的水痘疫苗接种情况及发病情况,通过暴发疫情评价疫苗效果。 结果 接种水痘疫苗人群罹患率8.20%,未接种疫苗人群罹患率为34.78％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水痘疫苗保护效力为76%(95%CI:51%~91%)。接种后1年、2年、3年和3年以上的水痘疫苗保护效力分别为93%、88%、67%和43%,可见,水痘疫苗保护效力随时间推移逐步递减,并有统计学意义(趋势χ2=4.415,P<0.05)。 结论 建议对水痘疫苗免疫策略进行调整,实施儿童2剂水痘疫苗的免疫策略,建立有效的人群免疫屏障,从而减少托幼机构及小学的水痘暴发疫情。
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the protective effects of varicella vaccine. Method Varicella vaccination and morbidity situation were collected of all the children in the kindergarten which had happened varicella outbreak,through the outbreak of epidemic to evaluated the protective effect of varicella vaccine. Results The attack rate of inoculation object were 8.20%,and the attack rate of non-inoculation object were 34.78%,the attack rate of two groups had significant difference.The vaccine efficacy of varicella was 76%(95%CI:51%~91%).After the vaccination of 1,2,3 years and above 3 years,the vaccine efficacy of varicella were 93%,88%,67%,and 43% respectively.The trend of gradual decreasing of vaccine efficacy over time was statistically significant. Conclusion It advised to adjust varicella vaccine strategy,implement 2 dose of varicella vaccine of children immunization strategy,establish the effective immunity barrier and reduce the varicella outbreak in kindergarten and primary school.
关键词
水痘疫苗 /
疫苗效力 /
幼儿园
Key words
varicella vaccine /
vaccine efficacy /
kindergarten
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 俞蕙,段恕诚.1980～1999年水痘患儿临床特点的研究[J].中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,2002,16(3):229-230.
[2] Seward JF,Watson BM,Peterson CL,et al.Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States,1995~2000[J].JAMA,2002,287:606-611.
[3] 贺雄,孙美平.北京市预防接种工作技术规范[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:115-117.
[4] Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologistis.Position statement number[R].Public Health Reporting and National Notification for Varicella,2009-ID-68.
[5] 许国章.水痘及其免疫预防研究进展[J].中国计划免疫,2002,8(1):52-56.
[6] Izurieta HS,Stebel PM,Biake PA.Postlicensure effectiveness of varicella vaccine during an outbreak in a child care center[J].JAMA,1997,278(18):1495-1499.
[7] 李岩,孙波,徐虹,等.冻干水痘减毒活疫苗接种反应及免疫效果观察[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2005,18(3):263-264.
[8] 孙海燕,袁家麟,王树巧.人群中水痘-带状疱疹病毒流行率及其疫苗免疫效果[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(1):60-61.
[9] Arnedo-Pena A,Puig-Barbera J,Aznar-Orenga MA.Varicella vaccine effectiveness during an outbreak in a partially vaccinated population in Spain[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2006,25(9):774-778. [10] 奥多姆RB,詹姆斯WD,伯杰TG.安德鲁斯临床皮肤病学[M].9版.北京:科学出版社,2004:469-471.
[11] 周志娜,姚云梅,王桂玲,等.儿童接种水痘疫苗621例近期流行病学效果观察[J].职业与健康,2004,20(6):88-90.
[12] 王钰宁.水痘疫苗使用现状及研究进展[J].Chinese Journal of Biologicals,2008,21(7):628-631.
[13] Galil K,Lee B,Strine T,et al.Outbreak of varicella at a day-care center despite vaccination[J].N Engl J Med,2002,347:1909-1915.
[14] Galil K,Fair E,Mountcastle N,et al.Younger age at vaccination may increase risk of varicella vaccine failure[J].J Infect Dis,2002,186:102-105.
PDF(426 KB)
